Fermented Moringa oleifera seed-cassava inclusion improves protein and selected biochemical indices in alloxan-induced diabetes in animal model
Authors
- P. N. Anyiam Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7262, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria | nnovative Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- C. P. Nwuke Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7262, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
- E. N. Uhuo Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7262, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
- O. Ajah Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7262, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
- C. P. Uche Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Applied Food Sciences and Tourism, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Nigeria
- E. M. Kalu Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7262, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
- P. C. Kelechi Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7262, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
- B. M. Eddie-Nkwoh Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7262, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Caputo fractional derivative, Crank–Nicolson finite difference formulation, Time fractional convection-diffusion-reaction equation, Extended cubic B-spline basis functions, Stability and convergenceAbstract
Despite the availability of many pharmacological interventions for diabetes management, current evidence shows an alarming rising trend in the occurrence of undesirable complications, confirming that other complementary approaches are required. This study evaluated the nutraceutical properties of fermented Moringa oleifera seed-Cassava (FMOC) inclusion on selected biochemical parameters in rats induced with diabetes. Portions of cassava was substituted with moringa seed at 100:0 (control), 80:20 (not fermented:T1), 80:20 (fermented;T2) and 70:30% (fermented:T3). Fermentation was achieved using a starter culture containing Lactic acid bacteria for 36 h. Thirty-six (36) male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6/group). Groups B-F were rendered diabetic using alloxan (150 mg/kg. bw; IP) while group A served as the normal control. The effects of FMOC on proximate and selected biochemical indices of diabetic rats were evaluated. Results showed that protein increased significantly (p<0.05) (2.43}0.1 to 20.44} 02 g/100g) in the fermented sample as against non fermented control. All test diets (especially T2) counteracted the diabetic effects in rats by lowering (P<0.05) the elevated serum levels of glucose (249.0 to 105.6 mg/dl), Cholesterol (6.73 to 4.13mmol/L), TAG (2.43 to 1.99mmo/L), LDL (3.72 to 2.66mmol/L), Urea (35.3 to 23.2mmol/L) and malondialdehyde (2.34 to 1.29mg/dl) compared with diabetic group. It also improved (P<0.05) glutathione (2.69-3.76mg/dl) and catalase enzyme activity (1.52-2.90 U/mg). No significant effect was recorded for HDL (P>0.05). Histological outcomes of pancreas corroborated these findings. A food–based approach incorporating fermented M. oleifera seed could be considered an effective strategy to manage the complications that might arise from diabetes.
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